https://shaozk.xyz • This is a web feed, also known as an Atom feed. Subscribe by copying the URL from the address bar into your newsreader. Visit About Feeds to learn more and get started. It's free. Visit website Recent posts Updated on $DATE date 源码阅读 shaozk - 源码阅读 Zola2026-08-10T00:00:00+00:00https://shaozk.xyz/tags/yuan-ma-yue-du/atom.xml mktime.c 计算 UNIX 时间戳 2026-08-10T00:00:00+00:00 2026-08-10T00:00:00+00:00 shaozk https://shaozk.xyz/blog/019-mktime-calc-unix-timestamp/ <p>最近尝试阅读 Linux-0.12 源码，让 AI 帮我挑选一个简单的给我，于是有了本文的内容。</p> <p>在正式介绍之前，有个背景知识需要补充：Linux 使用 1970 年 1 月 1 日作为纪元时间，UNIX 时间戳指的是从这天开始到当前时间的间隔秒数。1970 年 1 月 1 日差不多就是 UNIX 诞生的时间。</p> <p><code>mktime.c</code> 中仅仅只有一个函数 <code>kernel_mktime()</code>，目的是将时间结构体 <code>struct tm</code> 转换为 UNIX 时间戳。</p> <p>代码首先定义了年、日、时、分四个宏，用于将其直接转换称对应秒。</p> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="c"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-directive z-keyword z-control z-directive">#define</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> MINUTE</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric"> 60</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-directive z-keyword z-control z-directive">#define</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> HOUR</span><span class="z-punctuation"> (</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">60</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-source">MINUTE</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-directive z-keyword z-control z-directive">#define</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> DAY</span><span class="z-punctuation"> (</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">24</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-source">HOUR</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-directive z-keyword z-control z-directive">#define</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> YEAR</span><span class="z-punctuation"> (</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">365</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-source">DAY</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span></span></code></pre> <p>这里没有关于月的宏，因为一个月的天数是不定的。这里使用一个长度为 12 的数组，一个元素代表抵达到这个月的时间，并假定为闰年（2 月有 29 天）。</p> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="c"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment">/* interestingly, we assume leap-years */</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-storage z-type">static int</span><span class="z-source"> month</span><span class="z-punctuation">[</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">12</span><span class="z-punctuation">]</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> =</span><span class="z-punctuation"> {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-constant z-numeric"> 0</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">};</span></span></code></pre> <p>具体转换方法：</p> <ol> <li> <p>年转换为秒</p> <p>除了年份减去 70 之外，还需要判断当年距 1970 年之间出现了几次闰年，并补上额外的天数。</p> <p>这里有一个很巧妙的方法：(year+1)/4：从 1970 年开始，到 1972 为第一个闰年，但是此时是无需额外补充闰日的，要到 1973 年也就是 (3+1)/4 = 1 才补充一天闰日。</p> <p>注：这里并没有考虑 2000 年及以后的情况。</p> </li> <li> <p>月转换为秒</p> <p>查预先设置好的月份表，因为提前假定是闰年，所以当是平年且月份大于1时，需要额外减去一天时间。</p> </li> <li> <p>日转换为秒</p> <p>因为 tm_mday 取值范围时 1-31，因此在转换时需要减去 1 天（当天还没过去）。</p> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="c"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type">struct</span><span class="z-source"> tm </span><span class="z-punctuation">{</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> int</span><span class="z-source"> tm_sec</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> /* seconds after the minute [0-60] */</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> int</span><span class="z-source"> tm_min</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> /* minutes after the hour [0-59] */</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> int</span><span class="z-source"> tm_hour</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> /* hours since midnight [0-23] */</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> int</span><span class="z-source"> tm_mday</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> /* day of the month [1-31] */</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> int</span><span class="z-source"> tm_mon</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> /* months since January [0-11] */</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> int</span><span class="z-source"> tm_year</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> /* years since 1900 */</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> int</span><span class="z-source"> tm_wday</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> /* days since Sunday [0-6] */</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> int</span><span class="z-source"> tm_yday</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> /* days since January 1 [0-365] */</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> int</span><span class="z-source"> tm_isdst</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> /* Daylight Savings Time flag */</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> long</span><span class="z-source"> tm_gmtoff</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> /* offset from UTC in seconds */</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> char</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> *</span><span class="z-source">tm_zone</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> /* timezone abbreviation */</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">};</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span></code></pre></li> <li> <p>时、分、秒转换为秒</p> <p>直接按照对应宏进行转换。</p> </li> </ol> <p>源码很短，将其全部贴在这里：</p> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="c"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment">/*</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-comment"> * linux/kernel/mktime.c</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-comment"> *</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-comment"> * (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment"> */</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-directive z-keyword z-control z-directive">#include</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-string z-string"> &lt;time.h&gt;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment">/*</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-comment"> * This isn&#39;t the library routine, it is only used in the kernel.</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-comment"> * as such, we don&#39;t care about years&lt;1970 etc, but assume everything</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-comment"> * is ok. Similarly, TZ etc is happily ignored. We just do everything</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-comment"> * as easily as possible. Let&#39;s find something public for the library</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-comment"> * routines (although I think minix times is public).</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment"> */</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment">/*</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-comment"> * PS. I hate whoever though up the year 1970 - couldn&#39;t they have gotten</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-comment"> * a leap-year instead? I also hate Gregorius, pope or no. I&#39;m grumpy.</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment"> */</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-directive z-keyword z-control z-directive">#define</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> MINUTE</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric"> 60</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-directive z-keyword z-control z-directive">#define</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> HOUR</span><span class="z-punctuation"> (</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">60</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-source">MINUTE</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-directive z-keyword z-control z-directive">#define</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> DAY</span><span class="z-punctuation"> (</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">24</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-source">HOUR</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-directive z-keyword z-control z-directive">#define</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> YEAR</span><span class="z-punctuation"> (</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">365</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-source">DAY</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment">/* interestingly, we assume leap-years */</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-storage z-type">static int</span><span class="z-source"> month</span><span class="z-punctuation">[</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">12</span><span class="z-punctuation">]</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> =</span><span class="z-punctuation"> {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-constant z-numeric"> 0</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">29</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">31</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">30</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">};</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type">long</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> kernel_mktime</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-storage z-type">struct</span><span class="z-source"> tm </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter"> tm</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">{</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> long</span><span class="z-source"> res</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> int</span><span class="z-source"> year</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> year </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">=</span><span class="z-source"> tm</span><span class="z-punctuation">-&gt;</span><span class="z-source">tm_year</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> -</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric"> 70</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment">/* magic offsets (y+1) needed to get leapyears right.*/</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> res </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">=</span><span class="z-source"> YEAR</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-source">year </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">((</span><span class="z-source">year</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">1</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">/</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">4</span><span class="z-punctuation">);</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> res </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+=</span><span class="z-source"> month</span><span class="z-punctuation">[</span><span class="z-source">tm</span><span class="z-punctuation">-&gt;</span><span class="z-source">tm_mon</span><span class="z-punctuation">];</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment">/* and (y+2) here. If it wasn&#39;t a leap-year, we have to adjust */</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> if</span><span class="z-punctuation"> (</span><span class="z-source">tm</span><span class="z-punctuation">-&gt;</span><span class="z-source">tm_mon</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&gt;</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">1</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> &amp;&amp;</span><span class="z-punctuation"> ((</span><span class="z-source">year</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">2</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">%</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">4</span><span class="z-punctuation">))</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> res </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">-=</span><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> res </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+=</span><span class="z-source"> DAY</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">tm</span><span class="z-punctuation">-&gt;</span><span class="z-source">tm_mday</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">-</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">1</span><span class="z-punctuation">);</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> res </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+=</span><span class="z-source"> HOUR</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-source">tm</span><span class="z-punctuation">-&gt;</span><span class="z-source">tm_hour</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> res </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+=</span><span class="z-source"> MINUTE</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">*</span><span class="z-source">tm</span><span class="z-punctuation">-&gt;</span><span class="z-source">tm_min</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> res </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+=</span><span class="z-source"> tm</span><span class="z-punctuation">-&gt;</span><span class="z-source">tm_sec</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-source"> res</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span></code></pre> <p>一个比较有趣的彩蛋是：Linus 在注释中说自己讨厌 1970 并吐槽为什么不直接用闰年作为起始年。</p> 阅读 cgol 源码 2026-07-22T00:00:00+00:00 2026-07-22T00:00:00+00:00 shaozk https://shaozk.xyz/blog/012-read-cgol-source-code/ <p><a rel="external" href="https://github.com/p-ranav/cgol">cgol</a> 是一个使用 C++ 实现的 Conway 生命游戏，在终端通过读取 rle 文件启动。所有文件加在一起都只有 1000 行左右，非常适合入门学习。</p> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="plain"><span class="giallo-l"><span>cgol# cloc .</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span> 36 text files.</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span> 16 unique files.</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span> 40 files ignored.</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>github.com/AlDanial/cloc v 2.08 T=0.01 s (1546.5 files/s, 124976.6 lines/s)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>Language files blank comment code</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>C/C++ Header 7 116 77 605</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>C++ 3 26 22 212</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>YAML 1 1 1 115</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>Markdown 3 28 0 60</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>CMake 1 4 0 24</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>Bourne Again Shell 1 0 0 2</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>SUM: 16 175 100 1018</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span></code></pre><h1 id="gong-cheng">工程</h1> <p>介绍 C++ 项目工程的内容，与代码实现无关。</p> <h2 id="mu-lu-jie-gou">目录结构</h2> <p>非常典型的 C++ 项目，include 存放头文件，src 存放源文件。samples 目录存放的是 rle 文件。</p> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="plain"><span class="giallo-l"><span>cgol</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>├── CMakeLists.txt</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>├── clang-format.bash // 批量格式化脚本</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>├── include</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>│   └── cgol</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>│   ├── cursor_control.hpp // 光标控制</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>│   ├── cursor_movement.hpp // 光标移动</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>│   ├── grid.hpp // cell 网格</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>│   ├── rle_parser.hpp // rle 文件解析器</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>│   ├── termcolor.hpp // 获取终端颜色</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>│   ├── terminal_size.hpp // 获取终端大小</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>│   └── utils.hpp // 工具类</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>├── samples // 存放 rle 文件目录</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span>└── src</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span> ├── grid.cpp // cell 网格</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span> ├── main.cpp // 主程序入口</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span> └── rle_parser.cpp // rle 文件解析器</span></span></code></pre> <p>源项目中还有 LICENSE、.gitignore 和一些 md 文件，因为重点是关注源代码，这些就不过多介绍了。</p> <h2 id="cmake-gou-jian">CMake 构建</h2> <p>使用 CMake 构建，必然需要一个根配置文件 CMakeLists.txt。项目很简单，没有其他子配置文件。</p> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cmake"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword">cmake_minimum_required</span><span class="z-source">(VERSION 3.8) </span><span class="z-comment"># CMake 最小版本 3.8</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword">project</span><span class="z-source">(cgol) </span><span class="z-comment"># 项目名 cgol</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-comment"># 根据不同 CMake 版本设置 cgol 描述信息（版本越高内容越详细）</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword">if</span><span class="z-source">(CMAKE_VERSION</span><span class="z-keyword"> VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL</span><span class="z-string"> &quot;3.12&quot;</span><span class="z-source">)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> project</span><span class="z-source">(cgol VERSION 1.0.0 LANGUAGES CXX</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> HOMEPAGE_URL </span><span class="z-string">&quot;https://github.com/p-ranav/cgol&quot;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DESCRIPTION </span><span class="z-string">&quot;Conway&#39;s Game of Life&quot;</span><span class="z-source">)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword">elseif</span><span class="z-source">(CMAKE_VERSION</span><span class="z-keyword"> VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL</span><span class="z-string"> &quot;3.9&quot;</span><span class="z-source">)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> project</span><span class="z-source">(cgol VERSION 1.0.0 LANGUAGES CXX</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> DESCRIPTION </span><span class="z-string">&quot;Conway&#39;s Game of Life&quot;</span><span class="z-source">)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword">else</span><span class="z-source">()</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> project</span><span class="z-source">(cgol VERSION 1.0.0 LANGUAGES CXX)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword">endif</span><span class="z-source">()</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-comment"># 未指定发布模式时，默认使用 release 模式</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword">if</span><span class="z-source">(</span><span class="z-keyword">NOT</span><span class="z-source"> CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> set</span><span class="z-source">(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword">endif</span><span class="z-source">()</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword">set</span><span class="z-source">(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS</span><span class="z-string"> &quot;-Wall -Wextra&quot;</span><span class="z-source">) </span><span class="z-comment"># 启动常见警告和额外警告</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword">set</span><span class="z-source">(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG</span><span class="z-string"> &quot;-g&quot;</span><span class="z-source">) </span><span class="z-comment"># debug 模式时使用该选项</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword">set</span><span class="z-source">(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE</span><span class="z-string"> &quot;-O3&quot;</span><span class="z-source">) </span><span class="z-comment"># release 模式使用最高级优化</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword">set</span><span class="z-source">(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11) </span><span class="z-comment"># 使用 c++11 标准</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword">include_directories</span><span class="z-source">(include)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword">add_executable</span><span class="z-source">(cgol </span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> src/grid.cpp</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> src/rle_parser.cpp</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> src/main.cpp)</span></span></code></pre><h2 id="ge-shi-hua">格式化</h2> <p>clang-format.bash 和 .clang-format 文件，这两个用来批量格式化项目代码。</p> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="shellscript"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"># clang-format.bash</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">find</span><span class="z-string"> ./include ./src -type f</span><span class="z-constant z-character z-escape"> \(</span><span class="z-string"> -iname</span><span class="z-constant z-character z-escape"> \*</span><span class="z-string">.cpp -o -iname</span><span class="z-constant z-character z-escape"> \*</span><span class="z-string">.hpp</span><span class="z-constant z-character z-escape"> \)</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> |</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> xargs</span><span class="z-string z-punctuation z-definition z-string"> clang-format -style=&quot;{ColumnLimit : 100}&quot; -i</span></span></code></pre> <p>其作用是：找到 include 和 src 目录下所有后缀名为 .cpp 或 .hpp 的文件，按照 .clang-format 文件进行代码格式化，并动态修改每行字符限制为 100 个。一行命令里，用到了 find、xargs 和 clang-format 三个工具。</p> <h1 id="yuan-ma">源码</h1> <p>本章将逐一介绍每一行代码，从 main 函数开始一点一点抽丝剥茧直到看到整个 cgol 全貌。</p> <h2 id="kua-ping-tai">跨平台</h2> <p>cgol 支持类 Unix（Linux/MacOS） 和 Windows 两个平台，通过判断 _MSC_VER 宏是否定义来编写快平台代码。这类代码在项目中随处可以看到，本文主要讲解类 Unix 的代码。</p> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-directive z-keyword z-control z-directive">#if defined</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">_MSC_VER</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment">// Windows</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-directive z-keyword z-control z-directive">#else</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment">// Linux/MacOS</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-directive z-keyword z-control z-directive">#endif</span></span></code></pre><h2 id="gong-ju-lei">工具类</h2> <h3 id="cursor-control">cursor_control</h3> <p>功能：显示和隐藏光标。</p> <p>实现：定义 cgol::cursor_hider 类利用 RAII 方法控制光标的显示与隐藏：初始化时隐藏，析构时重新显示。具体实现了静态内联函数 show_console_cursor()，其输入参数为 bool 值，代表是否显示光标。</p> <p>这里需要补充一个知识点：Unix 可以通过往终端发送特定的 ANSI 转义序列来显示与隐藏光标，对应规则为：</p> <ul> <li><code>"\033[?25h"</code> - 显示</li> <li><code>"\033[?25l"</code> - 隐藏</li> </ul> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-storage z-type">static inline void</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> show_console_cursor</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-storage z-type z-storage z-modifier">bool const</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter"> show</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">fputs</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">show </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">?</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-string"> &quot;</span><span class="z-constant z-character z-escape">\033</span><span class="z-string z-punctuation z-definition z-string">[?25h&quot;</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> :</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-string"> &quot;</span><span class="z-constant z-character z-escape">\033</span><span class="z-string z-punctuation z-definition z-string">[?25l&quot;</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-source"> stdout</span><span class="z-punctuation">);</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type">struct</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type"> cursor_hider</span><span class="z-punctuation"> {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> cursor_hider</span><span class="z-punctuation">() {</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> show_console_cursor</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-language z-false">false</span><span class="z-punctuation">); }</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> ~cursor_hider</span><span class="z-punctuation">() {</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> show_console_cursor</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-language z-true">true</span><span class="z-punctuation">); }</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">};</span></span></code></pre><h3 id="cursor-movement">cursor_movement</h3> <p>功能：上下左右任意移动光标。</p> <p>实现：move_up()、move_down()、move_right() 和 move_left() 一组函数。对应 ANSI 转义序列为：</p> <ul> <li>"\033[nA" - 向上 n 行</li> <li>"\033[nB" - 向下 n 行</li> <li>"\033[nC" - 向右 n 行</li> <li>"\033[nD" - 向左 n 行</li> </ul> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-storage z-type">static inline void</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> move_up</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-storage z-type">int</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter"> lines</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">cout </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-string"> &quot;</span><span class="z-constant z-character z-escape">\033</span><span class="z-string z-punctuation z-definition z-string">[&quot;</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> &lt;&lt;</span><span class="z-source"> lines </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-string z-string"> &quot;A&quot;</span><span class="z-punctuation">; }</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-storage z-type">static inline void</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> move_down</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-storage z-type">int</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter"> lines</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">cout </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-string"> &quot;</span><span class="z-constant z-character z-escape">\033</span><span class="z-string z-punctuation z-definition z-string">[&quot;</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> &lt;&lt;</span><span class="z-source"> lines </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-string z-string"> &quot;B&quot;</span><span class="z-punctuation">; }</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-storage z-type">static inline void</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> move_right</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-storage z-type">int</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter"> cols</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">cout </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-string"> &quot;</span><span class="z-constant z-character z-escape">\033</span><span class="z-string z-punctuation z-definition z-string">[&quot;</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> &lt;&lt;</span><span class="z-source"> cols </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-string z-string"> &quot;C&quot;</span><span class="z-punctuation">; }</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-storage z-type">static inline void</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> move_left</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-storage z-type">int</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter"> cols</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">cout </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-string"> &quot;</span><span class="z-constant z-character z-escape">\033</span><span class="z-string z-punctuation z-definition z-string">[&quot;</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> &lt;&lt;</span><span class="z-source"> cols </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-string z-string"> &quot;D&quot;</span><span class="z-punctuation">; }</span></span></code></pre><h3 id="terminal-size">terminal_size</h3> <p>功能：获取终端的长宽。</p> <p>实现：利用 ioctl() 函数 和 TIOCGWINSZ 来获取终端大小。</p> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier">static inline</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">pair</span><span class="z-punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="z-storage z-type">size_t</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-storage z-type"> size_t</span><span class="z-punctuation">&gt;</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> terminal_size</span><span class="z-punctuation">() {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> struct</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type"> winsize</span><span class="z-source"> size</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> ioctl</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">STDOUT_FILENO</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-source"> TIOCGWINSZ</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> &amp;</span><span class="z-source">size</span><span class="z-punctuation">);</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-punctuation"> {</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">static_cast&lt;</span><span class="z-storage z-type">size_t</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&gt;</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">size</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-source">ws_row</span><span class="z-punctuation">),</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> static_cast&lt;</span><span class="z-storage z-type">size_t</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&gt;</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">size</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-source">ws_col</span><span class="z-punctuation">)};</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-storage z-type">static inline size_t</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> terminal_width</span><span class="z-punctuation">() {</span><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> terminal_size</span><span class="z-punctuation">().</span><span class="z-source">second</span><span class="z-punctuation">; }</span></span></code></pre><h3 id="termcolor">termcolor</h3> <p>功能：控制终端打印不同颜色信息。这是一个仅头文件的三方 C++ 库 <a rel="external" href="https://github.com/ikalnytskyi/termcolor">termcolor.h</a>。</p> <h3 id="util">util</h3> <p>功能：一组工具类，包括读取文件、字符串处理。</p> <ul> <li>read_file()：读取文件。输入为 rle 文件地址。输出为文件内容。</li> </ul> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier">static inline</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> read_file</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier">const</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-reference z-cpp"> &amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">filename</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">ifstream</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> stream</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">filename</span><span class="z-punctuation">);</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> if</span><span class="z-punctuation"> (</span><span class="z-source">stream</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">fail</span><span class="z-punctuation">()) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> throw</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">runtime_error</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-string z-string">&quot;Error: Could not open file &quot;</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> +</span><span class="z-source"> filename</span><span class="z-punctuation">);</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation"> }</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">string</span><span class="z-punctuation">((</span><span class="z-source">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">istreambuf_iterator</span><span class="z-punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="z-storage z-type">char</span><span class="z-punctuation">&gt;(</span><span class="z-source">stream</span><span class="z-punctuation">)),</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">istreambuf_iterator</span><span class="z-punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="z-storage z-type">char</span><span class="z-punctuation">&gt;());</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">}</span></span></code></pre> <ul> <li>split_string()：分隔字符串。输入为字符串和分隔符。输出为分隔开的字符串数组。</li> </ul> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier">static inline</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">vector</span><span class="z-punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-template z-call z-cpp">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-punctuation">&gt;</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> split_string</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier">const</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-reference z-cpp"> &amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">str</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier"> const</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-reference z-cpp"> &amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">delimiter</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">vector</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">string</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&gt;</span><span class="z-source"> strings</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp">string</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">size_type pos </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">=</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric"> 0</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp">string</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">size_type prev </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">=</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric"> 0</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> while</span><span class="z-punctuation"> ((</span><span class="z-source">pos </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">=</span><span class="z-source"> str</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">find</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">delimiter</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-source"> prev</span><span class="z-punctuation">))</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> !=</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp">string</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">npos</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> strings</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">push_back</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">str</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">substr</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">prev</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-source"> pos </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">-</span><span class="z-source"> prev</span><span class="z-punctuation">));</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> prev </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">=</span><span class="z-source"> pos </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">+</span><span class="z-source"> delimiter</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">size</span><span class="z-punctuation">();</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation"> }</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // To get the last substring (or only, if delimiter is not found)</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> strings</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">push_back</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">str</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">substr</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">prev</span><span class="z-punctuation">));</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-source"> strings</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">}</span></span></code></pre> <ul> <li>starts_with()：判断字符串前缀。</li> </ul> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-storage z-type">static inline bool</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> starts_with</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier">const</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-reference z-cpp"> &amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">string</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier"> const</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-reference z-cpp"> &amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">substring</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-source"> string</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">rfind</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">substring</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric"> 0</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> ==</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric"> 0</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">}</span></span></code></pre> <ul> <li>ltrim()：裁剪字符串左侧的空格。</li> </ul> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-storage z-type">static inline void</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> ltrim</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-reference z-cpp"> &amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">s</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> s</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">erase</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">s</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">begin</span><span class="z-punctuation">(),</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">find_if</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">s</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">begin</span><span class="z-punctuation">(),</span><span class="z-source"> s</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">end</span><span class="z-punctuation">(), [](</span><span class="z-storage z-type">int</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter"> ch</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> !</span><span class="z-source">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">isspace</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">ch</span><span class="z-punctuation">); }));</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">}</span></span></code></pre> <ul> <li>rtrim()：裁剪字符串右侧的空格。</li> </ul> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-storage z-type">static inline void</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> rtrim</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-reference z-cpp"> &amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">s</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> s</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">erase</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">find_if</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">s</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">rbegin</span><span class="z-punctuation">(),</span><span class="z-source"> s</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">rend</span><span class="z-punctuation">(), [](</span><span class="z-storage z-type">int</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter"> ch</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> !</span><span class="z-source">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">isspace</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">ch</span><span class="z-punctuation">); }).</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">base</span><span class="z-punctuation">(),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> s</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">end</span><span class="z-punctuation">());</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">}</span></span></code></pre> <ul> <li>trim()：裁剪字符串左右的空格。</li> </ul> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-storage z-type">static inline void</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> trim</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-reference z-cpp"> &amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">s</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> ltrim</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">s</span><span class="z-punctuation">);</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> rtrim</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">s</span><span class="z-punctuation">);</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">}</span></span></code></pre> <ul> <li>ltrim_copy()：裁剪字符串左侧的空格后进行拷贝（不修改源字符串）。</li> </ul> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier">static inline</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> ltrim_copy</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter"> s</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> ltrim</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">s</span><span class="z-punctuation">);</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-source"> s</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">}</span></span></code></pre> <ul> <li>rtrim_copy()：裁剪字符串右侧的空格后进行拷贝（不修改源字符串）。</li> </ul> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier">static inline</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> rtrim_copy</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter"> s</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> rtrim</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">s</span><span class="z-punctuation">);</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-source"> s</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">}</span></span></code></pre> <ul> <li>trim_copy()：裁剪字符串左右两侧的空格后进行拷贝（不修改源字符串）。</li> </ul> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier">static inline</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> trim_copy</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter"> s</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> trim</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">s</span><span class="z-punctuation">);</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-source"> s</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">}</span></span></code></pre> <ul> <li>strip_left()：删除字符串左侧匹配子串的部份。</li> </ul> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier">static inline</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> strip_left</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier">const</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-reference z-cpp"> &amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">input_string</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier"> const</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-reference z-cpp"> &amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">chars</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">string result </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">=</span><span class="z-source"> input_string</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> result</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">erase</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">result</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">begin</span><span class="z-punctuation">(),</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">find_if</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">result</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">begin</span><span class="z-punctuation">(),</span><span class="z-source"> result</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">end</span><span class="z-punctuation">(), [</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">chars</span><span class="z-punctuation">](</span><span class="z-storage z-type">int</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter"> ch</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> !</span><span class="z-source">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">isspace</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">ch</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> and</span><span class="z-punctuation"> (</span><span class="z-source">chars</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">find</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">ch</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> ==</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp">string</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">npos</span><span class="z-punctuation">);</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation"> }));</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-source"> result</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">}</span></span></code></pre> <ul> <li>strip_right()：删除字符串右侧匹配子串的部份。</li> </ul> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier">static inline</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> strip_right</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier">const</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-reference z-cpp"> &amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">input_string</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier"> const</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-reference z-cpp"> &amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">chars</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">string result </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">=</span><span class="z-source"> input_string</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> result</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">erase</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">find_if</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">result</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">rbegin</span><span class="z-punctuation">(),</span><span class="z-source"> result</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">rend</span><span class="z-punctuation">(),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation"> [</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">chars</span><span class="z-punctuation">](</span><span class="z-storage z-type">int</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter"> ch</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> !</span><span class="z-source">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">isspace</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">ch</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> and</span><span class="z-punctuation"> (</span><span class="z-source">chars</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">find</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">ch</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> ==</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp">string</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">npos</span><span class="z-punctuation">);</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation"> })</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> .</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">base</span><span class="z-punctuation">(),</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> result</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">end</span><span class="z-punctuation">());</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-source"> result</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">}</span></span></code></pre> <ul> <li>parse_digit_from_char()：字符转整形（OS：为啥不直接使用 c - '0' 转换？）。</li> </ul> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-storage z-type">static inline size_t</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> parse_digit_from_char</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-storage z-type">char</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter"> c</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> size_t</span><span class="z-source"> result</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">stringstream str</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> str </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="z-source"> c</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> str </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="z-source"> result</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-source"> result</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">}</span></span></code></pre><h2 id="he-xin-lei">核心类</h2> <p>核心类只有 rle_parser 和 grid 两个，一个用于解析 rle 文件，另一个表征游戏棋盘。通过 rle_parser 类将 rle 文件解析到 grid 中，通过打印并不断刷新 grid 内容来模拟生命游戏过程。</p> <h3 id="rle-parser">rle_parser</h3> <p>功能：解析 rle 文件并转储为方便使用的结构。</p> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type">class</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type"> rle_parser</span><span class="z-punctuation"> {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">string rle_string_</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 原始 RLE 文件内容</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">string name_</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // pattern 名</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">vector</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">string</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&gt;</span><span class="z-source"> comments_</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 文件中所有的注释</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">string author_</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // pattern 作者</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> size_t</span><span class="z-source"> size_x_</span><span class="z-punctuation">{</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">0</span><span class="z-punctuation">};</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // pattern 行</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> size_t</span><span class="z-source"> size_y_</span><span class="z-punctuation">{</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">0</span><span class="z-punctuation">};</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // pattern 列</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">vector</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;</span><span class="z-storage z-type">size_t</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&gt;</span><span class="z-source"> rule_birth_</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // e.g., 3 in &quot;B3&quot;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">vector</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;</span><span class="z-storage z-type">size_t</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&gt;</span><span class="z-source"> rule_survival_</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // e.g., 23 in &quot;S23&quot;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">string pattern_raw_</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // pattern 原始内容, e.g., &quot;25boo85boo$24bo...&quot;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">vector</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">vector</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;</span><span class="z-storage z-type">unsigned char</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="z-source"> pattern_2d_array</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 2D 数组表示 pattern_raw_</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 解析名字、作者、注释、pattern 等内容</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> void</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> parse_attributes</span><span class="z-punctuation">();</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 解析 Conway 生命游戏的 RLE pattern（如 &quot;25boo85boo$24bo...&quot;）2D 字符数组</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> void</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> parse_pattern</span><span class="z-punctuation">();</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 打印解析后的 pattern — 仅用于调试</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> void</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> print</span><span class="z-punctuation">()</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier"> const</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type">public</span><span class="z-punctuation">:</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 打开 RLE 文件并解析它的 pattern</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // `grid_size_override` 参数用于覆盖 grid 的大小</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> void</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> open</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier">const</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-reference z-cpp"> &amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">rle_string</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">pair</span><span class="z-punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="z-storage z-type">size_t</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-storage z-type"> size_t</span><span class="z-punctuation">&gt;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter"> grid_size_override</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> =</span><span class="z-source"> {</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">0</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric"> 0</span><span class="z-source">}</span><span class="z-punctuation">);</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 返回 pattern 中的行数</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 该值为以下两种情况之一：</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 1. 从文件中解析出的值</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 2. 或用户提供的作为覆盖的值</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> size_t</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> rows</span><span class="z-punctuation">()</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier"> const</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 返回 pattern 中的列数，类似 rows()</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> size_t</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> cols</span><span class="z-punctuation">()</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier"> const</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 返回一个解析 pattern 后的 2D 数组</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // e.g.,</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // [</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // [baaaab],</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // [ababab],</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // [bbbbbb]</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // ]</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">vector</span><span class="z-punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-template z-call z-cpp">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">vector</span><span class="z-punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="z-storage z-type">unsigned char</span><span class="z-punctuation">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> pattern</span><span class="z-punctuation">()</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier"> const</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">};</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span></code></pre><h3 id="grid">grid</h3> <p>功能：游戏棋盘，即代表整个游戏。</p> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type">class</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type"> grid</span><span class="z-punctuation"> {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">vector</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">vector</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;</span><span class="z-storage z-type">unsigned char</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="z-source"> grid_</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 2D 棋盘, 1 = 活着, 0 = 死亡</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> size_t</span><span class="z-source"> rows_</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 棋盘行数</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> size_t</span><span class="z-source"> cols_</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 棋盘列数</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> rle_parser parser_</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // RLE 解析器</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type">public</span><span class="z-punctuation">:</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 使用 rle 文件构造生命游戏棋盘类</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 棋盘大小 grid_size 用于建立游戏区域的纬度</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier"> explicit</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> grid</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier">const</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">string</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-reference z-cpp"> &amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">rle_filename</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier"> const</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">pair</span><span class="z-punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="z-storage z-type">size_t</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-storage z-type"> size_t</span><span class="z-punctuation">&gt;</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-reference z-cpp"> &amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">grid_size</span><span class="z-punctuation">);</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 返回行数，用于 main.cpp 向上移动光标 </span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> size_t</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> rows</span><span class="z-punctuation">()</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier"> const</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 显示生命游戏棋盘</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> void</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> print</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">ostream</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-reference z-cpp"> &amp;</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">stream</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> =</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-parameter z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-type">cout</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span><span class="z-storage z-modifier"> const</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // 更新生命游戏棋盘</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> void</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> tick</span><span class="z-punctuation">();</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">};</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span></code></pre><h2 id="main-han-shu">main() 函数</h2> <p>主函数可以大致分成七步：</p> <ol> <li>定义静态变量 run 标志位，默认为 true，代表正在运行。</li> <li>使用 std::signal() 函数重写 SIGINT 对应的中断函数，函数只干了一件事，将 run 的标志修改为 false，代表结束运行。</li> <li>使用 cgol::cursor_hider 类隐藏光标。</li> <li>判断参数数量 argc 是否合法，不合法则打印帮助信息，然后退出。</li> <li>使用 cgol::terminal_size() 函数获取终端的长宽，用于设置游戏的棋盘大小。</li> <li>初始化 cgol::grid 棋盘类。</li> <li>启动由 run 标志确定的循环，不断进行棋盘显示、睡眠、棋盘更新。</li> </ol> <pre class="giallo z-code"><code data-lang="cpp"><span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type">int</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> main</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-storage z-type">int</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter"> argc</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-storage z-type z-storage z-modifier"> char *</span><span class="z-variable z-parameter">argv</span><span class="z-punctuation">[]) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-storage z-type"> static bool</span><span class="z-source"> run </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">=</span><span class="z-constant z-language z-true"> true</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">signal</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">SIGINT</span><span class="z-punctuation">, [](</span><span class="z-storage z-type">int</span><span class="z-punctuation">){</span><span class="z-source"> run </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">=</span><span class="z-constant z-language z-false"> false</span><span class="z-punctuation">; });</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // Hide console cursor</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> cgol</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">cursor_hider ch</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> if</span><span class="z-punctuation"> (</span><span class="z-source">argc </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric"> 2</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">cout </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-string z-string"> &quot;Usage: ./main &lt;pattern&gt;.rle</span><span class="z-constant z-character z-escape">\n</span><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-string">&quot;</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-source"> EXIT_FAILURE</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation"> }</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // Get terminal size and use as bounding box for game of life grid</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-modifier z-storage z-type"> const auto</span><span class="z-source"> terminal_size </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">=</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> cgol</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">terminal_size</span><span class="z-punctuation">();</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-storage z-type"> size_t</span><span class="z-source"> rows </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">=</span><span class="z-source"> terminal_size</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-source">first</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> -</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric"> 2</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-source"> cols </span><span class="z-keyword z-operator">=</span><span class="z-punctuation"> (</span><span class="z-source">terminal_size</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-source">second</span><span class="z-punctuation">)</span><span class="z-keyword z-operator"> /</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric"> 2</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation z-definition z-comment z-comment"> // Initialize grid with dimensions {rows, cols}</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> cgol</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">grid</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> grid</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">argv</span><span class="z-punctuation">[</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">1</span><span class="z-punctuation">],</span><span class="z-source"> {rows</span><span class="z-punctuation">,</span><span class="z-source"> cols}</span><span class="z-punctuation">);</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> while</span><span class="z-punctuation"> (</span><span class="z-source">run</span><span class="z-punctuation">) {</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> grid</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">print</span><span class="z-punctuation">();</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-scope-resolution z-cpp"> std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">this_thread</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">sleep_for</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">std</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-source">chrono</span><span class="z-punctuation">::</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">milliseconds</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-constant z-numeric">50</span><span class="z-punctuation">));</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-entity z-name z-function"> move_up</span><span class="z-punctuation">(</span><span class="z-source">grid</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">rows</span><span class="z-punctuation">());</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-source"> grid</span><span class="z-punctuation">.</span><span class="z-entity z-name z-function">tick</span><span class="z-punctuation">();</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation"> }</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-keyword"> return</span><span class="z-source"> EXIT_SUCCESS</span><span class="z-punctuation">;</span></span> <span class="giallo-l"><span class="z-punctuation">}</span></span></code></pre> <p>以上是全部内容。</p>